CLIMATE CHANGE EMERGENCY REFERENCES
These references relating to the climate change emergency are cited on the
State of the Climate
webpage and elsewhere on this site.
They will be updated regularly.
(Each link will open in a new window.)
American Geophysical Union (2008). Global warming could release trillions of pounds of carbon annually from East Siberia's vast frozen soils. ScienceDaily (12 June 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080611154839.htm
Archer, D. (2007). Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change. Biogeosciences 4, 521–544 (25 July 2007).
http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~archer/reprints/archer.2007.hydrate_rev.pdf
Associated Press (2008). The big melt: Two trillion tons of ice have melted since 2003. The Globe and Mail (16 December 2008).
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081216.wbigmelt1216/BNStory/Science/?page=rss&id=RTGAM.20081216.wbigmelt1216
Beeby, R. (2008). Fears methane spike will fuel warming. The Canberra Times (30 October 2008).
http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/environment/fears-methane-spike-will-fuel-warming/1347255.aspx
Behrenfeld, M. et al (2006). Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity (Letter). Nature 444, pp. 752-755 (7 December 2006). | doi:10.1038/nature05317
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7120/full/nature05317.html
Boucher, O., Friedlingstein, P., Collins, B., and Shine, K. P. (2009). The indirect global warming potential and global temperature change potential due to methane oxidation. Environmental Research Letters 4(044007). | doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044007
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/4/044007/
Boyce, D. G., Lewis, M. R., and Worm, B. (2010). Global phytoplankton decline over the past century. Nature 466, pp. 591-596 (29 July 2010). | doi:10.1038/nature09268
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7306/full/nature09268.html
Brook, E. (2008). Palaeoclimate: Windows on the greenhouse. Nature 453, pp. 291-292 (15 May 2008). | doi:10.1038/453291a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7193/full/453291a.html
Bushnell, D. (2008). Dennis Bushnell (NASA’s Chief Scientist) on Conquering Climate Change. The Futurist (Encyclopedia Britannica Blog) (5 July 2010).
http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2010/07/dennis-bushnell-nasas-chief-scientist-on-conquering-climate-change/
Carnegie Institution for Science (2008). Before fossil fuels, Earth's minerals kept carbon dioxide in check. ScienceDaily (30 April 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080429095100.htm
Connor, S. (2008). Exclusive: The methane time bomb. The Independent (23 September 2008).
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/exclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html
Dlugokencky, E. J. et al (2009). Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden. Geophysical Research Letters 36, L18803. | doi:10.1029/2009GL039780
http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2009/2009GL039780.shtml
Ebi K. L. and McGregor, G. (2008). Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts. Environmental Health Perspectives 116(11). | doi:110.1289/ehp.11463
http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.11463
European Climate Forum (2004). What is dangerous climate change? Initial results of a symposium on key vulnerable regions: Climate change and Article 2 of the UNFCCC. ECF Key Vulnerable Regions and Climate Change Symposium, Buenos Aires (14 December 2004).
http://ecf.pik-potsdam.de/Downloads/papers/ECF_beijing_results.pdf
European Environment Agency (2008). Global and European temperature - Assessment CSI 012 (April 2008).
http://themes.eea.europa.eu/IMS/ISpecs/ISpecification20041006175027/IAssessment1202733436537/view_content
European Science Foundation (2008). Ocean acidification: Another undesired side effect of fossil fuel-burning. ScienceDaily (24 May 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521105251.htm
Giles, K. A. et al (2008). Circumpolar thinning of Arctic sea ice following the 2007 record ice extent minimum. Geophysical Research Letters 35, L22502 (20 November 2008). | doi:10.1029/2008GL035710
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL035710.shtml
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (2008). Time running out on coral reefs as climate change becomes increasing threat. ScienceDaily (15 December 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081210112808.htm
Greene, C. H. et al (2008). Arctic climate change and its impacts on the ecology of the North Atlantic. Ecology Volume 89, Special Issue 11, pp. S24-S38 (November 2008). | doi:10.1890/07-0550.1
http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-0550.1
Hansen, J. et al (2007). Climate change and trace gases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, Volume 365, Number 1856, pp. 1925–1954 (15 July 2007). | doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2052
http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/l3h462k7p4068780/
Heinzerling, A. (2010). Global carbon dioxide emissions fall in 2009: Past decade still sees rapid emissions growth. Earth Policy Institute (20 July 2010).
http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/indicators/C52/carbon_emissions_2010
Ho, M-W. (2006). Oceans Carbon Sink or Source. Institute of Science in Society Press Release (25 July 2006).
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/OceanCarbonSink.php
Hofmann, D. J., Butler, J. H., and Tans, P. P. (2008). A new look at atmospheric carbon dioxide. Atmospheric Environment 43(12) (April 2009). | doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.028
ScienceDirect
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / IPCC (2007a). Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-syr.htm
IPCC (2007b). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm
International Society for Reef Studies (July 2008). 11th International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
http://www.nova.edu/ncri/11icrs/
Johnson, C. E., Stevenson, D. S., Collins, W. J., and Derwent, R. G. (2001). Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Chemistry model. Geophysical Research Letters 28(9), pp. 1723-1726 (1 May 2001).
http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2001/2000GL011996.shtml
Jungkunst, H. F. (2010). Soil science: Arctic thaw. Nature Geoscience 3, pp. 306-307. | doi:10.1038/ngeo851
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n5/pdf/ngeo851.pdf
Khor, M. (2006). Act now on climate, leaders told. In Global Trends, Third World Network (11 September 2006).
http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/gtrends120.htm
Khvorostyanov, D. V. et al (2008). Vulnerability of east Siberia's frozen carbon stores to future warming. Geophysical Research Letters 35, L10703 (20 May 2008). | doi:10.1029/2008GL033639
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL033639.shtml
Lawrence, D. M. et al (2008). Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid sea ice loss. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L11506 (13 June 2008). | doi:10.1029/2008GL033985
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL033985.shtml
Le Quéré, C. et al (2007). Saturation of the southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change. Science,Volume 316. Number 5832, pp. 1735-1738 (22 June 2007). | doi:10.1126/science.1136188
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1136188
Le Quéré, C. et al (2008). Carbon budget and trends 2007. Global Carbon Project.
http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbontrends/index.htm
Lüthi, D. et al (2008). High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present (Letter). Nature 453, 379-382 (15 May 2008). | doi:10.1038/nature06949
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7193/abs/nature06949.html
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (2008). NASA data show Arctic saw fastest August sea ice retreat on record (26 September 2008).
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2008/sea_ice_min.html
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / NOAA (2010a). State of the Climate. National Climatic Data Center.
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/
NOAA (2010b). State of the Climate in 2009. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 91 (June 2010).
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/2009.php
NOAA (2010c). Greenhouse Gases: Frequently Asked Questions. National Climatic Data Center.
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/gases.html#troposphericozone
NOAA (2009a). The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (4 September 2009).
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/
NOAA (2009b). Greenhouse gases continue to climb despite economic slump. ScienceDaily (26 April 2009).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090424195920.htm
Pearce, F. (2005). Climate warning as Siberia melts. New Scientist, Issue 2512 (11 August 2005).
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18725124.500
Pearson, P. M. & Palmer, M. R. (2000). Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, pp. 695-699 (17 August 2000). | doi:10.1038/35021000
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7193/abs/nature06949.html
Pope, V. (2008). The scientific evidence for early action on climate change. UK Met Office Hadley Centre (October 2008).
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/policymakers/action/evidence.html
Prinn, R. et al (2008). The influence on climate change of differing scenarios for future development analyzed using the MIT integrated global system model. The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Joint Program Report Series, Report 163 (September 2008).
http://globalchange.mit.edu/pubs/abstract.php?publication_id=938
Ramanathan, V. and Feng, Y. (2008). On avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference withthe climate system: Formidable challenges ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(38), pp. 14,245-14,250 (23 September, 2008). | doi:10.1073/pnas.0803838105
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0803838105
Raupach, M. et al (2007). Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS), Volume 104, Number 24 , pp. 10288-10293 (12 June 2007). | doi:10.1073/pnas.0700609104
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/24/10288.abstract
Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S., and Portmann, R. W. (2009). Nitrous oxide (N2O): The dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century. Science 326(5949) (2 October 2009). | doi:10.1126/science.117698
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1176985
Rigby, M. et al (2008). Renewed growth of atmospheric methane. Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 35, L22805 (20 November 2008). | doi:10.1029/2008GL036037
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL036037.shtml
Schilt, A. et al (2010). Glacial-interglacial and millennial-scale variations in the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration during the last 800,000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 29(1-2), pp. 182-192 (January 2010). | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.011
ScienceDirect
Schuster, U., & Watson, A. J. (2007). A variable and decreasing sink for atmospheric CO2 in the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C11006 (8 November 2007). | doi:10.1029/2006JC003941
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2006JC003941.shtml
Schuur, A. G. et al (2008). Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle. BioScience, Volume 58, Number 8, pp. 701-714 (September 2008). | doi:10.1641/B580807
http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1641%2FB580807
Semiletov I. et al (2005). Methane climate forcing and methane observations in the Siberian Arctic land-shelf system. World Resource Review, 16(4), 503-542.
http://globalwarming.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=34
Shakhova, N. et al (2007). Methane release on the Arctic East Siberian shelf. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Volume 9, 01071. | SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-01071
http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01071/EGU2007-J-01071.pdf
Sherwood, S. & Huber, M. (2009). An adaptability limit for large warmings — are we accounting for it? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6 (9 March 2009). | doi:10.1088/1755-1307/6/2/522006
www.iop.org/EJ/article/1755-1315/6/52/522006/ees9_6_522006.pdf
Shilong Piao et al (2008). Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming (Letter). Nature 451, 49-52 (3 January 2008). | doi:10.1038/nature06444
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7174/full/nature06444.html
Shindell, D. T., Rind, D., and P. Lonergan (1998). Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations. Nature 392, pp. 589-592. | doi:1038/33385
http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=sh04000r
Sitch, S., Cox, P. M., Collins, W. J., and Huntingford, C. (2007). Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink. Nature 448, pp. 791-794 (16 August 2007). | doi:10.1038/nature06059
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7155/full/nature06059.html
Solomon, S., Plattner, G-K., Knutti, R., & Friedlingstein, P. (2009). Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. PNAS 106(6) (10 February 2009). | doi:10.1073/pnas.0812721106
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/6/1704.full
Steffensen, J. P. et al (2008). High-resolution Greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years. Science, Volume 321, Number 5889, pp. 680-684 (1 August 2008). | doi:10.1126/science.1157707
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1157707
Stramma, L. et al (2008). Expanding oxygen-minimum zones in the tropical oceans. Science, Volume 320, Number 5876, pp. 655-658 (2 May 2008). | doi:10.1126/science.1153847
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/320/5876/655
United Nations Environment Program (2008). UNEP Year Book 2008: An overview of our changing environment. Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Nairobi, Kenya.
http://www.unep.org/geo/yearbook/yb2008/
University of Alaska Fairbanks (2006). Thawing soil in permafrost a significant source of carbon. ScienceDaily (15 June 2006).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060615180432.htm
University of Chicago (2008). Ocean growing more acidic faster than once thought; Increasing acidity threatens sea life. ScienceDaily (26 November 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2008/11/081124141053.htm
University of Copenhagen (2008). Methane, potent greenhouse gas, flowing into the atmosphere from tundra much faster than expected. ScienceDaily (11 December 2008).
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081210133814.htm
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2010). Nitrous oxide: Greenhouse gas properties.
http://www.epa.gov/nitrousoxide/scientific.html
Vos, F., Rodriguez, J., Below, R., and Guha-Sapir, D. (2010). Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2009: The numbers and trends. Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).
http://cred.be/sites/default/files/ADSR_2009.pdf
Walter, K. M. et al (2006). Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming (Letter). Nature 443, pp. 71-75 (7 September 2006). | doi:10.1038/nature05040
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v443/n7107/full/nature05040.html
Weaver, A. J. et al (2007). Long term climate implications of 2050 emission reduction targets. Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 34, L19703 (6 October 2007). | doi:10.1029/2007GL031018
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007GL031018.shtml
Wittig V. E. et al (2009). Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: A quantitative meta-analysis. Global Change Biology 15(2), pp. 396-424 (February 2009). | doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01774.x
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121482655/abstract
World Meteorological Organization / WMO (2009). 2000–2009, The warmest decades. Press Release WMO-No 869 (8 December 2009).
http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/pr_869_en.html
WMO (2003). According to the World Meteorological Organization, extreme weather events might increase. Press Release WMO-No 695 87 (2 July 2003).
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/linkscopy/Press695.html
Zeebe, R. E. and Caldeira, K. (2008). Close mass balance of long-term carbon fluxes from ice-core CO2 and ocean chemistry records. Nature Geoscience 1, pp. 312-315 (27 April 2008). | doi:10.1038/ngeo185
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n5/abs/ngeo185.html
Zimov, S. A. et al (2006). Climate change: Permafrost and the global carbon budget (Perspectives). Science, Volume 312, Number 5780, pp. 1612-1613 (16 June 2006). | doi:10.1126/science.1128908
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1128908
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